A United Nations investigation asserts that Ugandan troops participated in airstrikes within South Sudan last year, actions resulting in civilian casualties and severe injuries. The report details attacks that used improvised incendiary devices, igniting homes and barracks, and critically wounding civilians, including children. These strikes primarily targeted areas associated with opposition forces and predominantly affected Nuer communities, the second-largest ethnic group in South Sudan.
The U.N. findings suggest Ugandan forces were present and active in conducting attacks that demonstrably impacted civilian populations. This intervention reportedly occurred at the behest of South Sudanese President Salva Kiir's government to counter forces aligned with opposition leader Riek Machar. Ugandan military officials have acknowledged their troops' presence in South Sudan, framing it as an invitation and consistent with a bilateral security accord.
Targeted Communities and Escalating Violence
The joint operations, as described in the U.N. report, appear to have disproportionately impacted Nuer populations situated in regions affiliated with opposition elements. The use of incendiary devices has been noted, contributing to significant destruction and grave injuries. This escalation follows the indictment of Riek Machar on charges of treason, fueling anxieties of a wider conflict.
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Ugandan military figures, including Muhoozi Kainerugaba, have publicly indicated a continuation of airstrikes until a peace agreement is reached between Kiir and Machar, suggesting a sustained operational linkage. The report also brings into question Uganda's adherence to international sanctions.
Arms Embargo Violations Alleged
A separate U.N. panel has indicated that Uganda may have contravened the arms embargo imposed on South Sudan. This alleged violation stems from the confirmed deployment of three military helicopters by Uganda into South Sudan. Intensified localized fighting between the South Sudanese army and militias supporting Riek Machar was observed around March, following Machar's indictment for alleged "crimes against humanity" in September. Concerns have been voiced regarding the indiscriminate use of barrel bombs during this period.
Historical Context and Shifting Alliances
Uganda has a history of engagement in South Sudan's internal conflicts. Human rights organizations have previously expressed reservations about Uganda's military support for the South Sudanese administration. The political and security environment within South Sudan is characterized by fragmentation, with armed groups forming fluid alliances due to political stagnation and protracted neglect. The efforts to form a unity government and integrate rival forces have faced substantial challenges, increasing the potential for renewed civil strife.
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The joint attacks predominantly struck Nuer communities, South Sudan’s second-largest ethnic group, in areas linked to opposition forces, the report said. The report detailed attacks using improvised incendiary devices, setting homes and barracks ablaze and leaving civilians, including children, gravely injured.